When Serbia introduced dual carbon taxation starting in 2026, the immediate debate focused on numbers. At €4 per ton of CO₂ equivalent, many industrial operators initially treated the levy as marginal, almost symbolic when compared with EU carbon prices. That interpretation misses the point. Carbon pricing in Serbia is not about the first euro paid in tax;...
Europe’s metallurgical and critical raw materials supply chain is not being dismantled, nor is it being rebuilt in the way official strategies describe. Instead, it is being re-zoned. Carbon, cost and execution risk are being shifted away from Western Europe’s political and regulatory centre toward South-East Europe (SEE), not through dramatic relocations, but through a quiet...
Europe’s electricity system is entering a phase where engineering capacity, not capital or political will, has become the primary constraint. Across the continent, transmission and distribution operators are under pressure to connect unprecedented volumes of renewables, reinforce aging grids, integrate flexibility, and comply with increasingly complex regulatory requirements. The common bottleneck is no longer financing or...
Europe’s electricity system is entering a phase where engineering capacity, not capital or political will, has become the primary constraint. Across the continent, transmission and distribution operators are under pressure to connect unprecedented volumes of renewables, reinforce aging grids, integrate flexibility, and comply with increasingly complex regulatory requirements. The common bottleneck is no longer financing or...
Europe’s energy transition is entering a phase where ambition, capital and policy alignment are no longer the binding constraints. The limiting factor has become execution. Across power generation, grids, storage and flexibility assets, the physical act of delivering projects on time and at predictable cost has turned into the system’s weakest link. In this new...
Applied energy engineering completes the near-sourcing picture for Europe’s energy transition, filling a structural gap that hardware manufacturing, raw-materials access and capital mobilisation alone cannot resolve. While policy debate and investment narratives focus on turbines, transformers, batteries and grids, the limiting factor increasingly sits upstream in the delivery chain. Europe’s transition is engineering-intensive, yet engineering capacity...
Applied energy engineering completes the near-sourcing picture for Europe’s energy transition, filling a structural gap that hardware manufacturing, raw-materials access and capital mobilisation alone cannot resolve. While policy debate and investment narratives focus on turbines, transformers, batteries and grids, the limiting factor increasingly sits upstream in the delivery chain. Europe’s transition is engineering-intensive, yet engineering capacity...
Industrial cybersecurity has moved decisively out of the IT department and into the operational core of Europe’s energy and industrial systems. Power grids, substations, pipelines, refineries, water systems, rail networks and factories now depend on operational technology (OT) and SCADA environments that were never designed for hostile digital environments. As connectivity increases, so does exposure. Regulators, insurers and system...
Europe’s energy transition is entering its most fragile phase. The period ahead is no longer defined by whether decarbonisation is desirable, financed or technically feasible. It is defined by whether it can be executed at scale under conditions of rising volatility. Power systems are being re-engineered while they remain in operation. Grid reinforcement, renewable deployment,...
Europe’s energy transition is widely discussed as a capital challenge, a regulatory challenge or a political challenge. In practice, it is increasingly an engineering-capacity challenge. As power systems become more complex, digitised and interconnected, the volume of applied engineering required to move projects from concept to operation has expanded faster than the supply of qualified...
